N-ethyl carbazole-1-allylidene-based push-pull dyes as efficient light harvesting photoinitiators for sunlight induced polymerization

In this article, the free radical polymerization of acrylates was successfully achieved with a series twelve push-pull chromophores comprising N-ethyl carbazole-1-allylidene group as electron-donating group. Using strong donor, resulting dyes, never synthesized before, could efficiently initiate photopolymerization upon mild irradiation conditions e.g. using sunlight. These novel multi-component systems above mentioned tertiary amine (ethyl dimethylaminobenzoate EDB) and an iodonium salt act efficient photoinitiating (PISs) in (FRP), leading to formation 3D patterns precise shapes under direct laser write (DLW) approach. Among these new PISs, dyes 3, 6, 7 8 were selected due their photoinitiation performances for chemical mechanism studies including steady state photolysis, fluorescence quenching measurements, electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping experiments cyclic voltammetry. Markedly, excellent photochemical reactivities prompted us investigate performance sunlight ecofriendly As result, research proved that be used potential light source can advantageously replace LEDs when highly reactive are photosensitizers acrylate resins. Finally, prepared photocomposites, silica fillers even incorporated within photosensitive resins so gradient resolution demonstrated.